Separator helix

ABSTRACT

A separator with a helix assembly and methods for fabricating the helix assembly. In some embodiments, the helix assembly includes a plurality of segments disposed end to end and forming an intermediate casing. Each of the segments has a tubular portion with a first circumferential edge and a second circumferential edge and a helical portion extending from the second circumferential edge. The tubular portions of the segments form an intermediate casing, while the helical portions of the segments form a spiral helix. The helix assembly further includes an inner casing concentrically disposed within the intermediate casing and coupled to the spiral helix.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Not applicable.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not applicable.

BACKGROUND

The disclosure relates to a vertical separator for separating a fluidstream into a liquid phase stream and a gas phase stream. Moreparticularly, the disclosure relates to a method for fabricating a helixof the vertical separator.

Separators are commonly used at subsea fields to separate producedwellbore fluids into gas and liquid streams. Many of these separatorsinclude a helix assembly. The helix assembly has an intermediate casing,an inner casing concentrically disposed within the intermediate casing,and a helix connected therebetween. The helix extends normally from eachof the intermediate and inner casings and spans their lengths in aspiraling fashion.

During operation, a fluid, such as a two-phase wellbore fluid, isinjected through a port in the upper end of the intermediate casing intothe annulus between the intermediate and inner casings. Due to gravity,the fluid is routed over and along the helix toward the lower end of theannulus. As the fluid travels, the liquid phase moves toward the lowestpoint of the helix at the wall of the inner casing due to its density.At the same time, the gas phase moves to the highest point of theannulus, also due to its density. In this manner, the liquid and gasphases are separated from the fluid as it passes over and along thehelix. Gas and liquid are subsequently conveyed from the separator inseparate streams.

Once the gas phase is separated from the fluid passing over the helix,it is critical to the effectiveness of the separator that they remainseparated and do not inadvertently re-mix. For this reason, theconnections between the helix and intermediate casing and between thehelix and inner casing should be fluid tight to prevent remixing of thefluid with the separated gas. Accordingly, means which enable such fluidtight connections are desirable. It would be particularly advantageousif such means enable ease of helix assembly fabrication.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

A separator with a helix assembly and methods for fabricating the helixassembly are disclosed. In some embodiments, the separator includes anouter casing in which the helix assembly is disposed. The helix assemblyincludes a plurality of segments coupled end to end. Each of thesegments has a tubular portion with a first circumferential edge and asecond circumferential edge and a helical portion extending from thesecond circumferential edge. The tubular portions of the segments forman intermediate casing, while the helical portions of the segments forma spiral helix. The helix assembly further includes an inner casingconcentrically disposed within the intermediate casing and coupled tothe spiral helix. In some embodiments, abutting circumferential edges ofadjacent segments are connected by a seal weld.

Some methods for fabricating the helix assembly include inserting aninner casing into a first segment, coupling a circumferential edge ofthe first segment to the inner casing, and joining one or moresubsequent segments to the inner casing. The joining of each subsequentsegment to the inner casing includes lowering the subsequent segmentabout the inner casing to seat on the previously-installed segment andcoupling abutting circumferentially extending edges of the subsequentsegment and the previously-installed segment with a seal weld.

Thus, embodiments described herein comprise a combination of featuresand characteristics intended to address various shortcomings associatedwith conventional separator helix assemblies and associated fabricationmethods. The various characteristics described above, as well as otherfeatures, will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art uponreading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments,and by referring to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a detailed description of the disclosed embodiments, reference willnow be made to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a separator sub-assemblyincluding a helix assembly in accordance with the principles disclosedherein;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are axial cross-sectional and perspective side views,respectively, of the helix assembly of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective top view of a helix end segment of the helixassembly of FIGS. 2A and 2B;

FIGS. 4A through 4D are side views of a helix intermediate segment ofFIGS. 2A and 2B;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are perspective side and enlarged side views of thehelix end segment of FIG. 3 joined to the inner pipe of FIGS. 2A and 2B;and

FIGS. 6A and 6B are perspective side and enlarged side views of thehelix intermediate segment of FIG. 3 joined to the inner pipe of FIGS.2A and 2B.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSED EMBODIMENTS

The following description is directed to exemplary embodiments of aseparator sub-assembly with a helix assembly and an associated method offabrication. The embodiments disclosed should not be interpreted, orotherwise used, as limiting the scope of the disclosure, including theclaims. One skilled in the art will understand that the followingdescription has broad application, and that the discussion is meant onlyto be exemplary of the described embodiment, and not intended to suggestthat the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited tothat embodiment.

Certain terms are used throughout the following description and theclaims to refer to particular features or components. As one skilled inthe art will appreciate, different people may refer to the same featureor component by different names. This document does not intend todistinguish between components or features that differ in name but notfunction. Moreover, the drawing figures are not necessarily to scale.Certain features and components described herein may be shownexaggerated in scale or in somewhat schematic form, and some details ofconventional elements may not be shown in interest of clarity andconciseness.

In the following discussion and in the claims, the terms “including” and“comprising” are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should beinterpreted to mean “including, but not limited to . . . ”. Also, theterm “couple” or “couples” is intended to mean either an indirect ordirect connection. Thus, if a first device couples to a second device,that connection may be through a direct connection, or through anindirect connection via other devices and connections. Further, theterms “axial” and “axially” generally mean along or parallel to acentral or longitudinal axis. The terms “radial” and “radially”generally mean perpendicular to the central or longitudinal axis, whilethe terms “circumferential” and “circumferentially” generally meandisposed about the circumference, and as such, perpendicular to both thecentral or longitudinal axis and a radial axis normal to the central orlongitudinal axis. As used herein, these terms are consistent with theircommonly understood meanings with regard to a cylindrical coordinatesystem.

Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a separator sub-assembly with ahelix assembly in accordance with the principles disclosed herein. Theseparator sub-assembly 100 includes an outer casing 105 coupled betweentwo end connectors 110, 115. The outer casing 105 has a throughbore 120in which the helix assembly 125 is concentrically disposed. The outercasing 105 further includes a centralizer portion 135 and a helixassembly hang-off 140. The centralizer portion 135 extends radiallyinward to engage and centralize the helix assembly 125 within thethroughbore 120. The helix assembly hang-off 140 extends radially inwardto engage the helix assembly 125. Engagement between the hang-off 140and the helix assembly 125 enables the helix assembly 125 to besuspended from the hang-off 140 within the throughbore 120 of the outercasing 105.

Turning to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the helix assembly 125 includes anintermediate casing 160, an inner casing 165, and a helix 170. The innercasing 165 is concentrically disposed within the intermediate casing160, forming an annulus 175 therebetween. The inner casing 165 has athroughbore 180 and a plurality of gas inlet ports 185. The gas inletports 185 extend through the wall of the inner casing 165 along a path190 that traverses the circumference of the inner casing 165 in a spiralfashion. Further, the gas inlet ports 185 enable fluid communicationbetween the annulus 175 and the throughbore 180 of the inner casing 165.

The helix 170 is spiral-shaped plate having an edge 195 connected to theinner surface of the intermediate casing 160 and an opposing edge 200connected to the outer surface of the inner casing 165. The helix 170extends along the lengths of the intermediate and inner casings 160, 165in a spiraling fashion, dividing the annulus 175 into a plurality ofannulus segments 205. Further, the axial position of the helix 170relative to the inner casing 165 is such that the gas inlet ports 185are axially spaced apart from and just beneath the helix 170. Thepositioning of the gas inlet ports 185 in this manner aligns the ports185 with the upper portion of the annulus segments 205 where separatedgas phase tends to accumulate, as will be described.

During operation of the separator sub-assembly 100, a fluid, having aliquid and gas phase, such as but not limited to oil and gas,respectively, is introduced into the annulus 175 just above the helix170. The fluid then flows along and over the helix 170 toward the lowerend of the annulus 175. As the fluid traverses this path, the liquidphase of the fluid moves towards the lowest point of the helix 170,while the gas phase moves to the highest point of the annulus segments205. Gas that has separated from the fluid passes from the annulussegments 205 through the gas inlet ports 185 into the throughbore 180 ofthe inner casing 165. Gas entering the inner casing 165 is then conveyedfrom the separator sub-assembly 100. As the gas phase is separated fromthe liquid phase in this manner and removed from the annulus 175, thefraction of liquid phase remaining in the fluid increases. Consequentlyfluid reaching the lower end of the annulus 175 is substantially liquidphase with little to no gas phase. The liquid is then conveyed from theseparator sub-assembly 100.

The effectiveness of the separator sub-assembly 100 is dependent uponthe ability to prevent gas phase that has separated from the fluid fromremixing with the fluid as the fluid traverses the helix 170. Thus,connections or couplings 210, 215 between the helix 170 and theintermediate casing 160 and between the helix 170 and the inner casing165, respectively, are preferably fluid-tight. In some embodiments, thecouplings 210, 215 are weld seams. Furthermore, in some embodiments, atleast one of the couplings 210, 215 is a seal weld. As used herein, aseal weld is a weld that enables sealing and prevents leakage betweenthe components joined by the seal weld at the location of the seal weld.For instance, in embodiments wherein the coupling 210 is a seal weld,the coupling, or seal weld, 210 prevents leakage of the liquid phase,the gas phase, and/or the fluid between the helix 170 and theintermediate casing 160. In embodiments wherein the coupling 215 is aseal weld, the coupling, or seal weld, 215 prevents leakage of theliquid phase, the gas phase, and/or the fluid between the helix 170 andthe inner casing 165.

FIGS. 3 through 4D depict segments that enable fabrication of the helixassembly 125. As described below, the segments when assembled and joinedvia welding form the intermediate casing 160 and the helix 170 of FIGS.2A and 2B. Referring first to FIG. 3, a helix end segment 300 is shown.The helix end segment 300 has an axially extending tubular portion 305with a first circumferentially extending edge 310 and a secondcircumferentially extending edge 315. The circumferential edge 310 ofthe helix end segment 300 is planar, while the circumferential edge 315is helical. The helix end segment 300 further includes a helical portion320 connected to the tubular portion 305 along the circumferential edge315. The helical portion 320 has two radially inward extending edges, afirst radial edge 325 and a second radial edge 330, and acircumferentially extending edge 335 extending between the radial edges325, 330. Extending from the second radial edge 330 of the helicalportion 320, the tubular portion 305 further includes an axiallyextending edge 340.

Turning to FIGS. 4A through 4D, side views of an helix intermediatesegment 400 are shown, each subsequent view rotated about thelongitudinal centerline 405 of the helix intermediate segment 400 ninetydegrees from the orientation depicted in the previous view. The helixintermediate segment 400 also has an axially extending tubular portion410 with a lower circumferentially extending edge 415 and an uppercircumferentially extending edge 420. The lower and uppercircumferential edges 415, 420 are helical, each having a curvature thatis substantially identical to that of the second circumferential edge315 of the helix end segment 300.

The helix intermediate segment 400 further includes a helical portion425 connected to the tubular portion 410 along the upper circumferentialedge 420. The helical portion 425 is substantially identical to thehelical portion 320 of the helix end segment 300. The helical portion425 has two radially inward extending edges, a lower radial edge 430(FIG. 4D, but best viewed in FIG. 6B) and an upper radial edge 435 (FIG.4A), and a circumferentially extending edge 440 extending between theradial edges 430, 435. Extending from the upper radial edge 435 of thehelical portion 425, the tubular portion 410 further includes an axiallyextending edge 445 (FIG. 4D). Similarly, extending from the lower radialedge 430 of the helical portion 425, the tubular portion 410 furtherincludes an axially extending edge 450 (FIG. 4D).

The helix end and intermediate segments 300, 400 are configured to bestacked, as best illustrated by FIG. 2B, to form the intermediate casing160. Referring briefly again to FIG. 2B, two helix end segments 300 formthe lower and upper ends of the intermediate casing 160. A plurality ofthe helix intermediate segments 400 are stacked one on top of the otherbetween the helix end segments 300. The upper helix end segment 300,when installed, is inverted relative to the lower helix end segment 300.

FIGS. 5A through 6B illustrate coupling of the helix end andintermediate segments 300, 400 to form the intermediate casing 160 andthe helix 170, as well as the coupling of these components 160, 170 tothe inner casing 165 to complete the helix assembly 125. Beginning withFIGS. 5A and 5B, the inner casing 165 is inserted into a helix endsegment 300. This helix end segment 300 forms the lower end of theintermediate casing 160. The circumferential edge 335 (see also FIG. 3)of the helical portion 320 of the helix end segment 300 is thenconnected to the inner casing 165 via a coupling 215.

Turning to FIGS. 6A and 6B, a helix intermediate segment 400 is nextinstalled on top of the helix end segment 300. The helix intermediatesegment 400 is lowered about the inner casing 165 to seat on the helixend segment 300 such that the lower circumferential edge 415 of thehelix intermediate segment 400 abuts the second circumferential edge 315of the helix end segment 300. The circumferential edge 440 (see alsoFIG. 4A) of the helical portion 425 of the helix intermediate segment400 is then connected to the inner casing 165 via a coupling 215. Thesecond radial edge 330 (see also FIG. 3) of the helix end segment 300and the lower radial edge 430 (best viewed in FIG. 6B) of the helixintermediate segment 400 are connected via a coupling 220. The secondcircumferential edge 315 of the helix end segment 300 and the lowercircumferential edge 415 of the helix intermediate segment 400 areconnected via a coupling 210. The axial edge 340 (see also FIG. 3) ofthe helix end segment 300 and the axial edge 450 (see also FIG. 4D) ofthe helix intermediate segment 400 are connected via a coupling 225.

Next, another helix intermediate segment 400 is lowered about the innercasing 165 to seat on the previously-installed helix intermediatesegment 400 such that the circumferential edge 415 of the upper segment400 abuts the circumferential edge 420 of the lower segment 400. Thecircumferential edge 440 of the helical portion 425 of the upper segment400 is then connected to the inner casing 165 via a coupling 215. Thelower circumferential edge 415 of the upper segment 400 and the uppercircumferential edge 420 of the lower segment 400 are connected via acoupling 210. The axial edge 445 of the upper segment 400 and the axialedge 450 of the lower segment 400 are connected via a coupling 225. Thelower radial edge 430 of the upper segment 400 and the upper radial edge435 of the lower segment 400 are connected via a coupling 220.Subsequent helix intermediate segments 400 are installed in a similarfashion to yield the helix assembly 125 having a desired length.

Finally, to complete the helix assembly 125, another helix end segment300 is lowered about the inner casing 165 in an inverted orientation,meaning upside down relative to the orientation shown in FIG. 3, to seaton the uppermost helix intermediate segment 400. The circumferentialedge 335 of the helical portion 320 of the helix end segment 300 is thenconnected to the inner casing 165 via a coupling 215. The secondcircumferential edge 315 of the helix end segment 300 and the uppercircumferential edge 420 of the helix intermediate segment 400 areconnected via a coupling 210. The second radial edge 330 of the helixend segment 300 and the upper radial edge 435 of the helix intermediatesegment 400 are connected via a coupling 220. The axial edge 340 of thehelix end segment 300 and the axial edge 445 are connected via acoupling 225.

Couplings 210, 215, 220, 225 are preferably fluid-tight connections,which prevent the passage of fluid, liquid phase, and/or gas phasetherethrough. In some embodiments, one or more of couplings 210, 215,220, 225 are welds. In some of those embodiments, at least one ofcouplings 210, 215, 220, 225 is a seal weld.

Once the second helix end segment 300 is installed, the helix assembly125 is complete and appears as shown in FIG. 2B. The helix assembly 125may then be lowered into the throughbore 120 of the outer casing 105 andsuspended from the helix assembly hang-off 140, as shown in FIG. 1. Wheninstalled, the helix assembly 125 is maintained in position within theouter casing 105 by the centralizer 135.

While various embodiments have been shown and described, modificationsthereof can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from thespirit and teachings herein. The embodiments herein are exemplary only,and are not limiting. Many variations and modifications of the apparatusdisclosed herein are possible and within the scope of the invention.Accordingly, the scope of protection is not limited by the descriptionset out above, but is only limited by the claims which follow, thatscope including all equivalents of the subject matter of the claims.

1. A helix assembly for a separator, the helix assembly comprising: aplurality of segments coupled end to end, wherein each of the segmentshas a tubular portion with a first circumferential edge and a secondcircumferential edge and a helical portion extending from the secondcircumferential edge, the tubular portions forming an intermediatecasing and the helical portions forming a spiral helix; and an innercasing concentrically disposed within the intermediate casing andcoupled to the spiral helix.
 2. The helix assembly of claim 1, whereinabutting circumferential edges of the adjacent segments are connected bya first coupling.
 3. The helix assembly of claim 2, wherein the firstcoupling is a seal weld.
 4. The helix assembly of claim 2, wherein eachof the helical portions has a circumferential edge coupled to the innercasing by a second coupling.
 5. The helix assembly of claim 4, whereinthe second coupling is a seal weld.
 6. The helix assembly of claim 4,wherein each of the helical portions has two radial edges, thecircumferential edge extending therebetween, and wherein abutting radialedges of the helical portions are coupled by a third coupling.
 7. Thehelix assembly of claim 6, wherein the third coupling is a seal weld. 8.The helix assembly of claim 6, wherein each of the tubular portions hastwo axial edges and wherein abutting axial edges of the tubular portionsare coupled by a fourth coupling.
 9. The helix assembly of claim 8,wherein the fourth coupling is a seal weld.
 10. A separator comprising:an outer casing; and a helix assembly disposed therein, the helixassembly comprising: a plurality of segments coupled end to end, whereineach of the segments has a tubular portion with a first circumferentialedge and a second circumferential edge and a helical portion extendingfrom the second circumferential edge, the tubular portions forming anintermediate casing and helical portions forming a spiral helix; and aninner casing concentrically disposed within the intermediate casing andcoupled to the spiral helix.
 11. The separator of claim 10, whereinabutting circumferential edges of the adjacent segments are connected bya seal weld.
 12. The separator of claim 10, wherein each of the helicalportions has a circumferential edge coupled to the inner casing.
 13. Theseparator of claim 10, wherein each of the helical portions has tworadial edges, the circumferential edge extending therebetween, andwherein abutting radial edges of the helical portions are coupled. 14.The separator of claim 10, wherein each of the tubular portions has twoaxial edges and wherein abutting axial edges of the tubular portions arecoupled.
 15. The separator of claim 10, wherein the inner casingcomprises a plurality of gas inlet ports, each gas inlet port enablingfluid communication between an annulus between the inner andintermediate casings and a throughbore of the inner casing.